Skip to main content

Web design fundamentals

What does a web designer actually do?

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A web designer plans and creates the parts of a website users see and use: structure, wireframes, visual design, and the user journeys between pages. The role sits between brand, marketing and engineering, and differs from a web developer, who writes the code. This guide covers the day-to-day work, the skills involved, and what to expect when you hire one.

KEY INSIGHTS

  • The designer’s real output is decisions: what goes where, and why.
  • The standard process runs discovery, wireframes, mockups, prototype, build support, launch.
  • Designer and developer are different roles; small teams often combine them.
  • Modern web designers need SEO, accessibility and conversion knowledge, not just visual skill.

The role in one sentence

A web designer turns a business goal into pages people can use: they decide what each page must achieve, sketch how it’s organised, design how it looks, and hand over something a developer can build, or build it themselves. If web design as a discipline is the “what”, the designer is the “who”.

The job is often misunderstood as making things pretty. In reality the visual polish is the last 20%. The first 80% is structural: understanding what visitors need, what the business needs from those visitors, and designing the shortest honest path between the two. It’s why, when we build a site at Web Design Manchester, the first deliverable is never a colour scheme; it’s a plan.

What a web designer does, stage by stage

Discovery and planning

Before anything visual: who are the users, what do they want, what should the site achieve, and what content exists? The designer maps the site structure and defines each page’s job. Skipping this stage is the single most common cause of websites that look fine and perform badly.

Wireframes

Wireframes are rough, deliberately ugly layouts: boxes and lines showing what goes where and in what order. They settle the arguments about structure before anyone falls in love with a font.

Visual design and mockups

Now the brand arrives: typography, colour, imagery and spacing applied to the wireframes to produce mockups, realistic pictures of the finished pages. This is where our free homepage mockup sits in a real project: it’s the stage where you first see your website.

Prototyping and responsive design

Static pictures can’t show behaviour, so designers prototype key interactions and design every layout across phone, tablet and desktop. Given most UK traffic is mobile, responsive design isn’t an extra step; it’s the job.

Handover, build and launch

The designer prepares assets and specs for development, reviews the built pages against the design, and tests before launch. In agencies like ours the same team designs and builds, so nothing gets lost between the two.

The visual polish is the last 20% of the job. The first 80% is deciding what deserves to be on the page at all.

Web designer vs web developer

The cleanest way to separate them: designers decide, developers implement. A designer chooses the layout, type and journeys; a developer writes the HTML, CSS, JavaScript and server code that makes them real. The boundary is porous: many designers code front-end layouts, and good developers push back on designs that will be slow or fragile. For where the technical side begins, see our guide to front-end web design.

Task Designer Developer
Site structure & wireframes Leads Advises
Visual mockups Leads
HTML/CSS build Sometimes Leads
Databases, forms, integrations Leads
Speed & Core Web Vitals Shares Shares

The skills that matter now

Beyond layout, typography and colour, the modern web designer’s toolkit includes user experience thinking (covered in our UX design guide), accessibility to WCAG standards, working knowledge of how design affects SEO, and conversion fundamentals: where trust signals go, how forms lose people, why one call to action beats five. A designer without those is a decorator.

When to hire one, and what it costs

If your website matters to revenue, professional design usually pays for itself; the price depends on scope, and a good agency fixes it in writing before starting. The harder question is who to hire, and our guide to choosing a web design agency gives you a 12-point checklist. Or skip the theory and see the practice: every project in our portfolio is live and checkable.

Frequently asked questions

Is web design a technical job?

Partly. Designers don’t need to be engineers, but basic HTML/CSS literacy, accessibility knowledge and an understanding of performance make the difference between designs that work and designs that only look like they work.

Do web designers write code?

Some do, especially front-end layouts. Others hand off to developers. In small agencies the same people commonly do both, which shortens projects and prevents translation errors.

What should I expect when hiring a web designer?

A structured process: discovery questions, wireframes or a mockup before any build, clear timelines and a fixed quote. That’s how we run every project, and anything vaguer is a warning sign.

James, founder and director of Web Design Manchester

James, Founder & Director

Everything on this blog is written by James, based on work the studio has actually done. More about James.

Keep reading

More from the blog

Web design fundamentals

What makes a good web design? 10 principles of high-performing websites

Read the article
Web design fundamentals

What is web design? Everything businesses need to know

Read the article
Web design fundamentals

What is front-end web design? Front end vs back end explained

Read the article

Back to the blog